Millbrook Press 2020
ISBN 9781541542419
48 pp. hardcover
Grades 4-8
Did you know ninja exist in nature? These ninja dress in scales spines, and exoskeletons. They soar, swim, and scramble through everything from shadowy forests to strange salty lakes to the ocean depths. And their spectacular skills rival those of the greatest ninjutsu masters. Read how science and nature meet martial arts in this fun and fast-paced look at a collection of truly incredible animals.
Reviews & Awards
A Junior Library Guild Selection
Kirkus Reviews, starred review
“‘To find these animal ninja…you must know where to look.’ That sentence ends a two-page introduction that gives a simple history and definition of human practitioners of ninjutsu (“the art of the ninja”) and invites readers to learn about animals that exhibit similar, extraordinary “skills.” The pages that follow offer fascinating facts, appealing design, and eye-catching illustrations…More than once, the text encourages emerging scientists by noting that this research is current and ongoing—and that the more scientists learn, the more there is to learn. Arigatou gozaimasu for entertaining enlightenment!” (Nonfiction, 9-14)
School Library Journal
“‘Animals are compared to Japan’s medieval ninja warriors in this picture book for older readers. Nine chapters follow an introduction offering background information on the practiced arts of the ninja. Each chapter features an animal with natural abilities closely aligned to a particular ninja skill… VERDICT: Both the premise and execution of this title are intriguing. Steer older students toward this book; they will not be disappointed.” (Nonfiction, Grades 4-9)
Booklist
“It may seem unusual for a nature book to begin with a section on ninjitsu, ‘the art of the ninja,’ but it soon becomes clear that there are parallels between those martial arts and many impressive animal attributes, as Johnson makes the case that stealth, weaponry, clever disguises, and a host of other ninja tools are equally useful in the animal kingdom. Each section begins with a specific ninja attribute and expands on comparable qualities possessed by different animals. For example, ken-jitsu, the art of swordsmanship, is related to the sailfish’s use of its sword-like bill. The comparisons are remarkably apt, expressed through exciting stories and equally interesting science. Along with the compelling text, striking photos and detailed illustrations infuse a sense of wonder into the proceedings. Comprehensive back matter includes a glossary, an introduction to the scientists behind the studies, source notes, and even video suggestions in case a reader wants to watch the awesome feats in action. A wonderfully fresh look at the amazing animal world around us.”
Complete Bibliography
Although the back matter for Nature’s Ninja: Animals with Spectacular Skills is extensive, the amount of space available for bibliographic materials was limited. Below you’ll find a complete list of the sources I used in writing the book (in addition to personal communications with scientists) organized by chapter. I’ve taken the liberty of formatting each entry with the title first.
Introduction
- Ninja is the preferred plural according to Merriam-Webster, although readers will likely encounter “ninjas” as well elsewhere.
- My expert reviewer for all things ninja, 15th Dan Shihan Dr. Michael Asuncion, martial arts master and head of the Michigan Bujinkan Dojo in Ann Arbor, suggested that “the art of the ninja” is perhaps the most accurate translation of ninjutsu.
Chapter 1
- “Adhesion and friction in gecko toe attachment and detachment.” Yu Tian, Noshir Pesika, Hongbo Zeng, Kenny Rosenberg, Boxin Zhao, Patricia McGuiggan, Kellar Autumn, and Jacob Israelachvili. PNAS December 19, 2006; 103 (51) 19320-19325; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608841103
- “Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae.” Kellar Autumn, Metin Sitti, Yiching A. Liang, Anne M. Peattie, Wendy R. Hansen, Simon Sponberg, Thomas W. Kenny, Ronald Fearing, Jacob N. Israelachvili, and Robert J. Full. PNAS September 17, 2002; 99 (19) 12252-12256; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192252799
- “How do geckos defy gravity?” TED-Ed, March 30, 2015; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeSuQm7KfaE
- “Role of seta angle and flexibility in the gecko adhesion mechanism.” Congcong Hu and P. Alex Greaney. Journal of Applied Physics Vol 116, Issue 7, published online August 15, 2014; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4892628
- “The sticky wonder of gecko feet.” Robert Full, TED2005, February 2005, https://www.ted.com/talks/robert_full_on_animal_movement?language=en
- “What is Geckskin?” University of Massachusetts Amherst, https://geckskin.umass.edu
Chapter 2
- “A waterborne pursuit-deterrent signal deployed by a sea urchin.” Hannah Sheppard-Brennand, Alistair G. B. Poore, and Symon A. Dworjanyn. The American Naturalist 189 no. 6 (June 2017): 700-708; https://doi.org/10.1086/691437
- “Sea urchin emits a cloud of venomous jaws to deter predators.” New Scientist, April 22, 2017; https://www.newscientist.com/article/2127693-sea-urchin-emits-a-cloud-of-venomous-jaws-to-deter-predators/#.WO7zn2Oy2LM.facebook
- “Sea urchins can release a cloud of autonomous venomous jaws, Australian scientists discover.” Sydney Morning Herald, April 26 2017.
https://www.smh.com.au/technology/sea-urchins-can-release-a-cloud-of-autonomous-venomous-jaws-australian-scientists-discover-20170425-gvrvj0.html - “Sea urchins spew personal army of venomous jaws.” InsideScience, April 17, 2017. https://www.insidescience.org/news/sea-urchins-spew-personal-army-venomous-jaws
Chapter 3
- “How sailfish use their bills to capture schooling prey.” P. Domenici , A. D. M. Wilson , R. H. J. M. Kurvers , S. Marras , J. E. Herbert-Read , J. F. Steffensen , S. Krause , P. E. Viblanc , P. Couillaud and J. Krause. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281, no. 1784 (June 7, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0444
- “Proto-cooperation: group hunting sailfish improve hunting success by alternating attacks on grouping prey.” James E. Herbert-Read, Pawel Romanczuk, Stefan Krause, Daniel Strömbom, Pierre Couillaud, Paolo Domenici, Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers, Stefano Marras, John F. Steffensen, Alexander D. M. Wilson and Jens Krause. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 283, no. 1842 (November 16, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1671
- “Sailfish ‘slasher’ film sheds light on evolution of group hunting.” Science, November 1, 2016. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/video-sailfish-slasher-film-sheds-light-evolution-group-hunting “The Evolution of Lateralization in Group Hunting Sailfish.” Ralf H.J.M. Kurvers, Stefan Krause, Paul E. Viblanc, James E. Herbert-Read, Paul Zaslansky, Paolo Domenici, Stefano Marras, John F. Steffensen, Morten B.S. Svendsen, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Pierre Couillaud, Kevin M. Boswell, Jens Krause. Current Biology 27, no. 4 (February 20, 2017), 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.044
- “Secrets of a sailfish attack.” ScienceNews, April 23, 2014. https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/wild-things/secrets-sailfish-attack
- “The evolution of lateralization in group hunting sailfish.” Ralf H.J.M. Kurvers, Stefan Krause, Paul E. Viblanc, James E. Herbert-Read, Paul Zaslansky, Paolo Domenici, Stefano Marras, John F. Steffensen, Morten B.S. Svendsen, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Pierre Couillaud, Kevin M. Boswell, Jens Krause. Current Biology 27, no. 4 (February 20, 2017), 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.044
- “The soft power of sailfish bills.” Nature, April 23, 2014, https://www.nature.com/news/the-soft-power-of-sailfish-bills-1.15086
Chapter 4
- “Fly makes air submarine to survive deadly lake.” ScienceMagazine, January 14, 2016. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/01/fly-makes-air-submarine-survive-deadly-lake
- “Superhydrophobic diving flies (Ephydra hians) and the hypersaline waters of Mono Lake.” Floris van Breugel and Michael H. Dickinson. PNAS 114, no 51 (December 19, 2017): 13483-13488. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714874114
- “The lake is basic. The slippery, scuba-diving fly that lives there is not.” Popular Science, November 21, 2017. https://www.popsci.com/basic-lake-scuba-diving-fly/
- “The strange case of the scuba diving fly.” Caltech News, November 20, 2017. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/strange-case-scuba-diving-fly-80435#
- “These super-hairy flies can ‘breathe’ underwater.” National Geographic News, November 20, 2017. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/11/diving-flies-mono-lake-underwater-spd/
Chapter 5
- “Cuttlefish pretend to be crabs to catch more fish.” National Geographic, June 8, 2017.
- https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/cuttlefish-mimics-hermit-crabs-catch-fish/
- “Neural control of dynamic 3-dimensional skin papillae for cuttlefish camouflage.” Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido, Alexia T. Scaros, Roger T. Hanlon, and Trevor J. Wardill. IScience vol. 1, 24-34, February 15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.01.001
- “Neurological study reveals cuttlefish have surprising control of skin spikes.” UChicago News, February 15, 2018. https://news.uchicago.edu/story/neurological-study-reveals-cuttlefish-have-surprising-control-skin-spikes
- “This cuttlefish’s secret trick: pretending to be a crab.” Hakai Magazine, June 23, 2017. https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/cuttlefishs-secret-trick-pretending-be-crab/
- “Unique arm-flapping behavior of the pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: putative mimicry of a hermit crab.” Kohei Okamoto, Haruhiko Yasumuro, Akira Mori, and Yuzuru Ikeda. Journal of Ethology 35, no.3 (September 2017): 307-311. https://doi:10.1007/s10164-017-0519-7
- “Watch cuttlefish apparently pretending to walk just like crabs.” New Scientist, May 31, 2017. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2133229-watch-cuttlefish-apparently-pretending-to-walk-just-like-crabs/
Chapter 6
- “How some beetles produce a scalding defensive spray.” MIT News, April 30, 2015. http://news.mit.edu/2015/how-bombardier-beetles-produce-defensive-spray-0430
- “Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation.” Eric M. Arndt, Wendy Moore, Wah-Keat Lee, Christine Ortiz. Science 348, no. 6234 (May 1, 2015) 563-567. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6234/563
- “New analysis shows how bombardier beetles produce explosive defensive chemical jet.” phys.org, April 30, 2015. https://phys.org/news/2015-04-analysis-bombardier-beetles-explosive-defensive.html
- “Shrimp called Pink Floyd produces killer sound.” CNN, April 13, 2017. https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/13/us/pink-floyd-shrimp-trnd/index.html
- “Synalpheus pinkfloydi sp. nov., a new pistol shrimp from the tropical eastern Pacific (Decapoda: Alpheidae).” Arthur Anker, Kristin M. Hultgren, and Sammy De Grave. Zootaxa 4254, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 111-119. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.1.7
- “The feisty shrimp that kills with bullets made of bubbles.” Wired, July 11, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/07/absurd-creature-of-the-week-pistol-shrimp/
- “This beetle fires boiling chemicals out of its bum.” Wired, May 16, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/05/absurd-creature-of-the-week-bombardier-beetle/
Chapter 7
- “Attacking ground spiders overwhelm victims with sticky silk.” EurekAlert, June 14, 2017. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-06/tcob-ags060817.php
- “Hunting with sticky tape: functional shift in silk glands of araneophagous ground spiders (Gnaphosidae).” Jonas O. Wolff, Milan Řezáč, Tomáš Krejčí, and Stanislav N. Gorb. Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 12 (June 15, 2017): 2250-2259. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.154682
- “Silk: the spider’s success story.” Australian Museum, April 9, 2019. https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/spiders/silk-the-spiders-success-story/
- “Watch how ground spiders use sticky silk to win deadly wrestling match.” New Scientist, June 15, 2017. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2134762-watch-how-spiders-use-sticky-silk-to-win-deadly-wrestling-match/
Chapter 8
- “Ant mimicry evolved many times in beetles.” America Museum of Natural History, March 9, 2017. https://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/research-posts/ant-mimicry-evolved-many-times-in-beetles
- “Convergent con artists: How rove beetles keep evolving into army ant parasites.” Phys.org, March 9, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2017-03-convergent-con-artists-rove-beetles.html
- “Deep-time convergence in rove beetle symbionts of army ants.” Munetoshi Maruyama and Joseph Parker. Current Biology 27, no. 6 (March 20, 2017): 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.030
- “Sneaky beetles evolved disguise to look like ants, then eat them.” New Scientist, March 9, 2017. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2124050-sneaky-beetles-evolved-disguise-to-look-like-ants-then-eat-them/
- “Why would beetles want to look, act and smell like army ants? To eat them, of course.” Los Angeles Times, March 22, 2017. https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-beetles-ants-imposters-20170316-story.html
Chapter 9
- “A new species of gecko with massive scales and tear-away skin.” Phys.org, February 7, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2017-02-species-gecko-massive-scales-tear-away.html
- “Fish-scale gecko: Geckolepis maculata.” IUCN Red List. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/178319/7522058
- “Off the scale: a new species of fish-scale gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Geckolepis) with exceptionally large scales.” Mark D. Scherz, J. D. Daza, J. Köhler, M. Vences, and F. Glaw. PeerJ 5: e2955 (February 7, 2017). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2955
- “New gecko sheds skin on demand, looks like raw chicken.” National Geographic, February 7, 2017. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/02/geckos-new-species-tear-away-scales/
- “New species of fish-scaled [sic] gecko can (literally) jump out of its skin.” Smithsonian, February 7, 2017. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/meet-new-species-gecko-tear-away-scales-180962067/?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=socialmedia